Research shows that “scaffolding learning”—providing students with learning that falls in their zone of proximal development (ZPD)—enhances their curiosity and motivation to learn, and learning itself.  We also know from numerous studies that intellectual challenge—the desire to become better at something we care about—can be a powerful intrinsic motivator. This 8-page quick referenece guide for teachers provides research-based insights and practical guidance for designing student learning activities that increase cognitive demand, provide students with meaningful choice, and scaffold learning.